Last reviewed: October 2026 · Cleared Peptides research team
Research use only. Peptide Bioregulators: Complete Research Guide is supplied for laboratory research. It is not a drug, food, cosmetic, or dietary supplement. It is not FDA-approved. It is not for human or veterinary administration. This page does not give a dose or a method of administration. A study cited on this page describes that study’s own test article. It does not make this lot an approved medicine. To check a fact, open the PubMed or DOI link, confirm the authors and year, and match the paper’s compound name, CAS number, or sequence to the specification table. The full method is on the research desk page. Identity and purity for a lot are only what that lot’s certificate of analysis reports. An HPLC percentage is not a sterility result and not an endotoxin result unless the certificate prints those tests.
Peptide bioregulators are very short synthetic peptides — usually two to four amino acids — designed from the composition of peptide extracts of specific organs. The approach was developed over several decades by Vladimir Khavinson and colleagues in St Petersburg, and the peptides are often called Khavinson peptides.
How Bioregulators Are Studied
Researchers have proposed that these short peptides enter cells and interact with DNA and histones, influencing chromatin structure and tissue-specific gene expression. They are studied mainly in cell-culture and molecular-modelling research.
Sequence Families
- Ala-Glu-Asp (AED) family: Cartalax (AED), Epitalon (AEDG), Cardiogen (AEDR), Cortagen (AEDP), Bronchogen (AEDL)
- Lys-Glu-Asp (KED) family: Vesugen (KED), Livagen (KEDA), Prostamax (KEDP), Testagen (KEDG), Pancragen (KEDW)
- Glu-Asp (ED) family: Pinealon (EDR), Crystagen (EDP), Chonluten (EDG), Ovagen (EDL)
- Dipeptide: Vilon (KE)
All Bioregulators at a Glance
| Peptide | Sequence | Code | Tissue of origin |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vilon | Lys-Glu | KE | thymus |
| Pinealon | Glu-Asp-Arg | EDR | brain |
| Cortagen | Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro | AEDP | cerebral cortex |
| Cardiogen | Ala-Glu-Asp-Arg | AEDR | heart |
| Livagen | Lys-Glu-Asp-Ala | KEDA | liver |
| Vesugen | Lys-Glu-Asp | KED | blood vessels |
| Prostamax | Lys-Glu-Asp-Pro | KEDP | prostate |
| Testagen | Lys-Glu-Asp-Gly | KEDG | testes |
| Crystagen | Glu-Asp-Pro | EDP | immune tissue |
| Chonluten | Glu-Asp-Gly | EDG | bronchial mucosa |
| Bronchogen | Ala-Glu-Asp-Leu | AEDL | bronchial epithelium |
| Pancragen | Lys-Glu-Asp-Trp | KEDW | pancreas |
| Ovagen | Glu-Asp-Leu | EDL | liver and gastrointestinal tissue |
| Cartalax | Ala-Glu-Asp | AED | cartilage |
| Epitalon | Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly | AEDG | pineal gland |
Extract-Based Preparations
Earlier work used tissue extracts such as epithalamin (pineal) and Thymalin (thymus). Synthetic short peptides were later designed from them — for example Epitalon from epithalamin and Vilon from thymus research.
This summary describes laboratory research only and makes no claim about effects in humans or animals.
Every bioregulator lot supplied by Cleared Peptides is tested for identity and purity, with the COA on our COA page. Browse all bioregulators.
Analytical testing notes for Peptide Bioregulators
Peptide Bioregulators is identified in this guide. An identity test compares a measurement with those values. A mass spectrum is the usual measurement for a peptide. FTIR, when a certificate uses it, is a supporting infrared fingerprint and is less specific for closely related sequences.
This page compares more than one component. A single purity percentage is ambiguous unless the certificate says whether each component was resolved, identified, and quantified. Identity and content should be traceable to each named material. A chromatogram with several intentional peaks is expected; those peaks are not automatically impurities.
HPLC purity for this material is an area-percent result at the wavelength and gradient the laboratory states, commonly ultraviolet detection near 214 nm on a reversed-phase column. The instrument is a gradient pump, injector, column oven, and UV or diode-array detector. That percentage is not the number of milligrams in the vial. Water, acetate, trifluoroacetate, and other UV-silent material can dominate the gross weight while the purity figure stays high. Net peptide content, from an assay or amino-acid analysis, is the separate result to read when the certificate reports it.
A sterility test and an endotoxin test are not included in a chemical purity result. The compendial sterility test is a culture method (USP <71>): membrane filtration or direct inoculation into fluid thioglycollate medium and soybean-casein digest medium, incubated for 14 days. A PCR sterility screen uses a thermal cycler to detect microbial DNA and is a different method. The endotoxin test (USP <85> LAL, or USP <86> recombinant Factor C) reports endotoxin units with an incubating reader or a cartridge reader. Use a result only when that method is printed on the lot certificate. One published example in this catalog states that the report does not cover microbial contamination or endotoxins. The full description of equipment, standards, and how US laboratory accreditation works is in peptide analytical testing. Lot records are on the COA page.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why are bioregulators so short?
They were designed as minimal active sequences derived from tissue extracts; most are two to four amino acids.
Are bioregulators for human use?
No. They are supplied for laboratory research use only.
Selected References
Peer-reviewed literature on the compounds discussed in this guide, listed as scientific background for laboratory researchers. Citation does not imply endorsement by the authors or any use other than in-vitro research.
- Fedoreyeva LI, et al. Penetration of short fluorescence-labeled peptides into the nucleus in HeLa cells and in vitro specific interaction of the peptides with deoxyribooligonucleotides and DNA. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2011;76(11):1210-9. PubMed 22117547 · DOI
- Fedoreyeva LI, et al. Interaction of short peptides with FITC-labeled wheat histones and their complexes with deoxyribooligonucleotides. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2013;78(2):166-75. PubMed 23581987 · DOI
- Khavinson VK. Tissue-specific effects of peptides. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2001;132(2):807-8. PubMed 11713572 · DOI
Laboratory note: solubility depends on salt form and solvent. This guide does not state a single solubility figure. Handling of lyophilized material is described in the peptide storage guide.
Research Use Only Notice
This guide is provided for educational and laboratory reference purposes. It summarizes published, primarily in-vitro and structural research literature and does not describe, recommend or imply any use in humans or animals. Products sold by Cleared Peptides are for laboratory research use only; they are not drugs, foods, cosmetics or dietary supplements, are not FDA-approved, and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, mitigate or prevent any disease. No dosing, administration or therapeutic information is provided.
